Removal of the membrane penetration error during evaluation of triaxial data

Abstract

Most triaxial tests are fraught with substantial membrane penetration errors. A simple correction procedure for data obtained from various tests is proposed. In particular, a correction of the undrained cyclic stress paths is presented in detail. It is demonstrated that the correction of the membrane penetration error is indispensable for a realistic estimation of the cyclic resistance ratio in coarse- and medium-grained liquefiable soils.