Response of granular material under combined principal stress value and orientation change in 3D space
He, Zhan1; Xue, Long1; Wang, Rui1; Zhang, Jian-Min1
1 Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing, 100084 China
Open Geomechanics, Volume 3 (2022), article no. 4, 15 p.

Laboratory tests on soil adopt simplified stress paths compared to real world counterparts due to mechanical limitations. This study investigates the deformation of granular material under combined principal stress value and orientation change in full 3D space using the discrete element method. Such stress paths are achieved by applying a 3D force line boundary condition on spherical granular material samples. Continuous cyclic tests with stress paths restricted in a fixed plane and in full 3D space, simulating a bidirectional seismic stress path, are both conducted. The importance of taking both principal stress value and orientation change into consideration is highlighted. In the tests, the greatest deformation is observed under pure stress orientation change, while the smallest deformation is observed when the principal stress axes are fixed. The change of stress value and orientation in 3D is also shown to result in deformations different to those within a fixed plane. The origins of these differences are found to be associated with difference in shear modulus, dilatancy, and non-coaxiality at the macroscale, and particle contact and fabric anisotropy at the microscale.

Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published online:
DOI: 10.5802/ogeo.11
Mots-clés : Granular material, DEM, principal stress value, principal stress orientation, 3D space
He, Zhan 1; Xue, Long 1; Wang, Rui 1; Zhang, Jian-Min 1

1 Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing, 100084 China
License: CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0
Copyrights: The authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights 
@article{OGEO_2022__3__A4_0,
     author = {He, Zhan and Xue, Long and Wang, Rui and Zhang, Jian-Min},
     title = {Response of granular material under combined principal stress value and orientation change in {3D} space},
     journal = {Open Geomechanics},
     eid = {4},
     pages = {1--15},
     publisher = {Alert Geomaterials},
     volume = {3},
     year = {2022},
     doi = {10.5802/ogeo.11},
     language = {en},
     url = {https://opengeomechanics.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/ogeo.11/}
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - He, Zhan
AU  - Xue, Long
AU  - Wang, Rui
AU  - Zhang, Jian-Min
TI  - Response of granular material under combined principal stress value and orientation change in 3D space
JO  - Open Geomechanics
PY  - 2022
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
VL  - 3
PB  - Alert Geomaterials
UR  - https://opengeomechanics.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/ogeo.11/
DO  - 10.5802/ogeo.11
LA  - en
ID  - OGEO_2022__3__A4_0
ER  - 
%0 Journal Article
%A He, Zhan
%A Xue, Long
%A Wang, Rui
%A Zhang, Jian-Min
%T Response of granular material under combined principal stress value and orientation change in 3D space
%J Open Geomechanics
%D 2022
%P 1-15
%V 3
%I Alert Geomaterials
%U https://opengeomechanics.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/ogeo.11/
%R 10.5802/ogeo.11
%G en
%F OGEO_2022__3__A4_0
He, Zhan; Xue, Long; Wang, Rui; Zhang, Jian-Min. Response of granular material under combined principal stress value and orientation change in 3D space. Open Geomechanics, Volume 3 (2022), article  no. 4, 15 p. doi : 10.5802/ogeo.11. https://opengeomechanics.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/ogeo.11/

[1] Arthur, J. Robin F.; del C., Juan I. Rodriguez; Dunstan, Treve; Chua, Ken S. Principal Stress Rotation: A Missing Parameter, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Volume 106 (1980) no. 4, pp. 419-433 | DOI

[2] Bagi, Katalin Stress and strain in granular assemblies, Mechanics of Materials, Volume 22 (1996) no. 3, pp. 165-177 | DOI

[3] Bian, Xuecheng; Li, Wei; Qian, Yu; Tutumluer, Erol Analysing the effect of principal stress rotation on railway track settlement by discrete element method, Géotechnique, Volume 70 (2020) no. 9, pp. 803-821 | DOI

[4] Cundall, P. A.; Strack, O. D. L. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Géotechnique, Volume 29 (1979) no. 1, pp. 47-65 | DOI

[5] Fu, Pengcheng; Dafalias, Yannis F. Quantification of large and localized deformation in granular materials, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Volume 49 (2012) no. 13, pp. 1741-1752 | DOI

[6] Gu, Xiaoqiang; You, Zipei; Qian, Jiangu; Li, Weiyi The deformation of granular materials under repeated traffic load by discrete element modelling, European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Volume 24 (2020) no. 8, 104315, pp. 1135-1160 | DOI

[7] Guo, N; Yang, F; Yang, ZX; Zhao, S Deformation characteristics of inherently anisotropic granular media under repeated traffic loading: a DEM study, Acta Geotechnica (2022), pp. 1-19 | DOI | Zbl

[8] Ishihara, Kenji; Towhata, Ikuo SAND RESPONSE TO CYCLIC ROTATION OF PRINCIPAL STRESS DIRECTIONS AS INDUCED BY WAVE LOADS, Soils and Foundations, Volume 23 (1983) no. 4, B12401, pp. 11-26 | DOI

[9] Itasca, C PFC 3D-User manual, Itasca Consulting Group (2018), p. 435 | DOI

[10] Ishihara, Kenji; Yamazaki, Fumio CYCLIC SIMPLE SHEAR TESTS ON SATURATED SAND IN MULTI-DIRECTIONAL LOADING, Soils and Foundations, Volume 20 (1980) no. 1, pp. 45-59 | DOI

[11] Ishihara, Kenji; Yamazaki, Akira ANALYSIS OF WAVE-INDUCED LIQUEFACTION IN SEABED DEPOSITS OF SAND, Soils and Foundations, Volume 24 (1984) no. 3, pp. 85-100 | DOI

[12] Jiang, Mingjing; Shen, Zhenyi; Sun, Ruohan DEM analysis of undrained cyclic simple shear test on saturated sand, Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication, Volume 8 (2020) no. 12, pp. 485-488 | DOI | Zbl

[13] Li, X.S. Rotational shear effects on ground earthquake response, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 16 (1997) no. 1, B08203, pp. 9-19 | DOI

[14] LI, X.; YU, H.-S. Numerical investigation of granular material behaviour under rotational shear, Géotechnique, Volume 60 (2010) no. 5, pp. 381-394 | DOI

[15] Li, Xia; Yang, Dunshun; Yu, Hai-Sui Macro deformation and micro structure of 3D granular assemblies subjected to rotation of principal stress axes, Granular Matter, Volume 18 (2016) no. 3, pp. 1-20 | DOI | MR

[16] Miura, Kinya; Miura, Seiichi; Toki, Shosuke DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF ANISOTROPIC DENSE SAND UNDER PRINCIPAL STRESS AXES ROTATION, Soils and Foundations, Volume 26 (1986) no. 1, pp. 36-52 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[17] Miura, Kinya; Toki, Shosuke; Miura, Seiichi DEFORMATION PREDICTION FOR ANISOTROPIC SAND DURING THE ROTATION OF PRINCIPAL STRESS AXES, Soils and Foundations, Volume 26 (1986) no. 3, pp. 42-56 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[18] Nakata, Yukio; Hyodo, Masayuki; Murata, Hidekazu; Yasufuku, Noriyuki Flow Deformation of Sands Subjected to Principal Stress Rotation, Soils and Foundations, Volume 38 (1998) no. 2, pp. 115-128 | DOI | Zbl

[19] Satake, M, IUTAM Conference on Deformation and Flow of Granular Materials, 1982 (1982), pp. 63-68

[20] Sibille, Luc; Villard, Pascal; Darve, Félix; Aboul Hosn, Rodaina Quantitative prediction of discrete element models on complex loading paths, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Volume 43 (2019) no. 5, pp. 858-887 | DOI | Zbl

[21] Tong, Zhaoxia; Fu, Pengcheng; Dafalias, Yannis F.; Yao, Yangping Discrete element method analysis of non-coaxial flow under rotational shear, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Volume 38 (2014) no. 14, pp. 1519-1540 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[22] Towhata, Ikuo; Ishihara, Kenji Undrained strength of sand undergoing cyclic rotation of principal stress axes, Soils and Foundations, Volume 25 (1985) no. 2, pp. 135-147 | DOI | Zbl

[23] Wang, Rui; Cao, Wei; Zhang, Jian-Min Dependency of Dilatancy Ratio on Fabric Anisotropy in Granular Materials, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Volume 145 (2019) no. 10, p. 04019076 | DOI

[24] Wang, Rui; Fu, Pengcheng; Zhang, Jian-Min; Dafalias, Yannis F. Deformation of Granular Material under Continuous Rotation of Stress Principal Axes, International Journal of Geomechanics, Volume 19 (2019) no. 4, 103732, p. 04019017 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[25] Wichtmann, Torsten; Knittel, Lukas, Recent Developments of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics in Theory and Practice (2020), 103732, pp. 136-165 | DOI | MR | Zbl

[26] Wu, Q.X.; Yan, L.Y.; Yang, Z.X. Discrete element simulations of drained granular material response under multidirectional rotational shear, Computers and Geotechnics, Volume 139 (2021), p. 104375 | DOI

[27] Xue, Long; Kruyt, Niels P.; Wang, Rui; Zhang, Jian-Min 3D DEM simulation of principal stress rotation in different planes of cross-anisotropic granular materials, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, Volume 43 (2019) no. 14, pp. 2227-2250 | DOI

[28] Yang, Z. X.; Li, X. S.; Yang, J. Undrained anisotropy and rotational shear in granular soil, Géotechnique, Volume 57 (2007) no. 4, pp. 371-384 | DOI | Zbl

[29] Zeghal, Mourad; El-Shafee, Omar; Abdoun, Tarek Analysis of soil liquefaction using centrifuge tests of a site subjected to biaxial shaking, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 114 (2018), pp. 229-241 | DOI

Cited by Sources: